Article: New Insights into sloshing behaviour in Tank Containers: DB Systemtechnik publishes ETR Technical-Article on DZSF Research Findings.
When liquids are transported in tanks, sloshing effects can occur, generating additional forces that may influence vehicle behaviour. As part of a research project funded by the German Center for Rail Transport Research (DZSF), DB Systemtechnik investigated how sloshing behaviour affects the vehicle dynamics and derailment safety of rail vehicles.
Sloshing Behaviour Under Investigation
The research focused on different tank types, filling levels, and liquid properties. Using a combination of simulation methods and extensive full-scale 1:1 tests at the Minden test facility, the developed models were successfully validated. The objective was to gain a better understanding of how liquid movements inside tanks affect vehicle behaviour under realistic operating conditions and to assess existing regulatory requirements.
New Findings for Rail Freight Transport
The results indicate that, within the investigated parameter range, no critical vehicle dynamic conditions are to be expected. From a vehicle dynamics perspective, internal baffles in tank containers used in rail transport may therefore not be necessary. Furthermore, the findings suggest that existing restrictions for certain filling levels in railway operations could potentially be reviewed. As a result, the study contributes to the safe and cost-effective transportation of liquid goods by rail.
Different Requirements in Road Transport
The project also examined the influence of baffles on typical road transport scenarios. Here, the results painted a different picture: due to higher accelerations and more frequent changes in direction, baffles significantly reduce the forces generated by liquid movements and make an important contribution to vehicle stability and handling.
The research therefore provides valuable insights for the further development of regulations and vehicle concepts in both rail and road transport.
Read more in the DB Systemtechnik technical paper „Simulationsgestützte Untersuchung des Schwallverhaltens in Tanks“ published in the July/August 2026 issue of ETR – Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau.
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